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MMPA 2025-12M Integrated Case Competition

A guide to company and industry research for MMPA 2024-12M students participating in the Integrated Case Competition

CITING YOUR RESEARCH: THE BASICS

WHY CITE?

You cite your sources in your case presentation to:

  • give credit to those who have contributed to your analysis
  • increase your credibility as a presenter
    • If your sources are credible, you will look credible too by association!
  • enable your audience to replicate your analysis

 

WHAT DO YOU CITE?

You should cite:

  • Statistics, data, charts, or tables you found online that you are using, even if modified, in your report or presentation
  • Visuals (photos or graphics) you found online that you are using, even if modified, in your report or presentation
  • Word-for-word quotations or paraphrases of text you found online that you are using in your report or presentation
  • Ideas (frameworks, models, insights, or theories) that are not your own that you are using in your report or presentation

 

HOW TO CITE?

The basic elements of any citation are:

Author(s) The individual(s) or entity responsible for 'creating' the information you are referencing
TItle(s) The title(s) of the article, time series, chart, etc., along with the source publication (journal, book, report, recording, or database)
Date of publication Date the information was published +/or when it was published
Page or other location information Page number(s) or other information, e.g. URL, to help your audience locate this information again.

Typically, you provide for each citation:

  1. an abbreviated reference or footnote on the page or slide where you make the citation (usually date and author), AND
  2. a list of references with more complete information for each item cited at the end of your presentation or report (author, date, title, location)

CITATION RESOURCES

Use these citation guides to find examples or models you can use help create correct citations for all kinds of sources - books, articles, websites, videos, social media and more. 

These guides all focus on the databases and resources typically used by business students.

Don't see your preferred citation style included here?  Email the FLC at utm.lkcflc@utoronto.ca for citation help.