Research Guides: MUI1040H: Socially Sustainable Cities: Theory, Policy, and Practice (Fall 2024): Evaluating your Resources

Comparing Non-Scholarly and Scholarly Resources

	Non-Scholarly Sources (Newspapers, Magazines, etc)	Scholarly Sources (Research Journals)
Audience	General Public	Scholars in that field and academic community
Authors	Journalists; professional writers; persons with a general interest in that topic No research affliation or credentials given	Experts in that field (Faculty, Grad Students, Post-Docs, etc) Articles will include author's research affliations
Editors	Editor working for publisher	Editorial Board of fellow scholars (Peers)
Citations (Footnotes, Endnotes, etc)	References are typically NOT included	Includes a bibliography, references, or works cited section.
Publishers	Commercial publisher	Scholarly or professional organization or academic press
Writing Style	Assumes readers have no or little knowledge of topic; Intended for broad readership	Assumes reader has a level of knowledge in the field. Can be heavy on jargon and technical details related to the field.
Other Characteristics	Includes advertisements and pictures Glossy presentation Broad subject coverage	Text heavy, with few if any pictures Tables and charts included Few or no advertisements A narrow subject focus

When evaluating information sources, particulary those found online, it is critically important to consider the following criteria:

Accuracy

Can the information presented be verified?
Is the information well written (good grammer, no typos, correct punctuation, etc)?
Is the information cited properly?
Do other reputable sites link to it?

Authority

Who is publishing this content? Is it a individual, a group, an organization etc? What do we know about them?
Who is the author? Are the names provided? Is there contact information provided (ie. an email address)
What do you know of the author's credentials? Are they an 'expert' in this area of interest? What is their reputation?

Currency

Purpose

What is the purpose of the website? (To inform, explain, persuade, sell?)
Is the information written for a specific audience? Could the intended audience be high school students, university scholars, etc? (Consider the tone and language of the words) Does this still make it appropriate or not for your research?
Is the information presented objectively? Are different perspectives included?
Do you detect a bias in the information and how it is presented? Does this bias detract from the usefulness of the information?