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Research Guides

Contemporary Visual Arts Research Guide

What is a Primary Source?

A Primary Source is an original object or document concerning the subject matter being studied. The term primary source in academia does not mean how important the source is to your research, but how close the source is to the original subject matter.

It is always good to remember that many primary sources will have biases that students should keep in mind when using them in their research.

 

Where to find Primary Sources - Local Toronto/Ontario/Canada

Primary Sources - Other

What is a Secondary Source?

Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources. Secondary sources frequently use quotes and refer to primary sources and original works of art. 

 

Types of Secondary Sources for Visual Art

Types of Secondary Sources for Visual Art:

  • Biographies
  • Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles
  • Reviews
  • Books
  • Documentaries
  • Commentaries and Criticisms
  • Textbooks

Evaluating Sources

Although there is a wealth of information available, not all of it is reliable or accurate. It's crucial to evaluate your sources before you begin your investigation. Determining the information's worth is the researcher's responsibility.

You can analyze your sources using the following criteria.

Accuracy - A reliable source will be well investigated, properly cited, fact-checked, have information from other reliable sources, and be well-written.

Authority - The source names the author, lists their credentials and indicates that they are connected to a recognized organization.

Objectivity - Keep an eye out for biases because every source has a hidden goal. Check to determine if the author has spelled out their objectives in detail.

Reliability - A credible source will reference other sources and compare facts to them.

Relevance - The content is relevant if it is useful for your research.

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