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Research Guides

Citing Sources / Create Your Bibliography

Why and how we cite sources in academic writing. The guide includes links to many helpful online tutorials, style guides, and related documents to help you understand citation practice, and build correct citations for your bibliography.

Citing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generative Tools (including ChatGPT)

AI and Your Course Assignments

Please refer to the University of Toronto’s Academic Integrity statement regarding the use of ChatGPT for course assignments (Academic Integrity).

The University expects students to complete assignments on their own, without any outside assistance, unless otherwise specified. Every professor will have differing opinions and guidelines regarding the use of AI tools. Be sure to ask your professors if, and in what contexts, you are allowed to use AI tools prior to beginning every assignment. 

For more information on the University of Toronto's policies and guidance regarding the use of AI, please see the resources below: 

Citing AI Generative Tools and AI Generated Content

If permitted to use AI for an assignment, it is crucial that you cite any content produced by generative AI, or any functional use of the tool (such as editing, translating, etc.). 

Style rules on how to cite AI generated content are new and evolving. There may not be official guidelines available yet for the citation style that you are using. In these instances, a starting point (as proposed by the style guidelines below) may be to approach citing AI in the same way you would cite software outputs, or personal communications.  

Keep in mind that there are differing views on which approach is most appropriate, and faculty may have different citing expectations than the rules outlined in this guide. If required to use AI tools for a course assignment, confirm with your professors to ensure the citing rules provided below are appropriate for their classes. 

 

Citing in MLA

Citing in APA 7

Citing in Chicago Style