BIO409H5: Laboratory in Animal Physiology

Primary Sources:

• original research
• usually 1st appearance of results
• research conducted BY authors of paper

Examples: 

• Proceedings of meetings, conferences and symposia
• Technical reports 
• Dissertations or theses
• Patents
• Newspaper articles
• Data sets, such as census statistics 
• Listservs, newsgroups, and email
• Scientific journal articles reporting experimental research results 

Secondary Sources:

• describe, interpret, analyse, evaluate, comment on, and discuss primary sources
• repackage and reorganize information

Examples:

• Dissertations or theses (may also be primary)
• Databases
• Books (may also be primary)
• Newspaper articles (may also be primary)
• Review articles
• Magazine articles

Tertiary Sources:

• compile, analyse and condense secondary sources into a convenient, easy-to-read form
• tend to be factual

Examples: 

• Dictionaries and encyclopedias 
• Databases (may also be secondary)
• Textbooks 
• Course specific webpages