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Research Guides

FCS310: French Cinema

Primary Sources and using Secondary Sources to find them

PRIMARY SOURCES

 

SECONDARY SOURCES                (use to find primary sources)

"A primary source is a document that was created at the time of the event or subject you've chosen to study, or by people who were observers of, or participants in that event or topic."
- E.H. Brown - Writing about History, UofT Writing Advice

For example, articles and reviews published at contemporary time to a film’s release are primary sources. 

To find primary sources, remember you need to restrict your search results to materials published close to the time of your film or event. If they are published later, they are secondary sources.  

Documents and creative works (images, film, audio) that analyse primary source materials and provide context on the circumstances that surround them. 

Look for facts, keywords or citations that you can use to search for primary source materials and avoid the insights made by authors. 

Use secondary sources to find reproductions of primary sources (diaries, letters, photos, business documents) and finding the citation information. or your assignment.

 

Examples (materials from your chosen time period): 

Personal Letters, Diaries, Interviews, Speeches

Memoirs and Autobiographies (written with someone else)

Photographs, Motion Picture Films, News Footage, Audio Recordings 

Press Kits, Film Posters, Marketing Materials (Advertisements, Toys, etc.), Scripts, Storyboards

Business Documents (contracts, memos, letters, invoices, etc.)

Professional Association Documents (MPAA Production Code Administration Files, Audience Research Reports, etc.) 

Government & Legal Documents (Reports, Court Cases, documents in Archival Collections like J. Edgar Hoover and Radicalism in Hollywood at Media Commons in microfilm)

Newspapers, Trade Magazines, and Fan or Popular Magazines (articles, original film reviews, photos, advertisements, etc.) 

Examples:

Newspapers, Trade Magazines, and Fan or Popular Magazines (published later than time period that you are studying)

Books (including Biographies)

  • If you must look at books that have primary source content (e.g. diaries, letters, storyboards), be sure that they are properly cited and unaltered. Contact the librarian to see if the content can be found a different way.
  • Avoid connections or analysis made by the book's author. Those MUST BE CITED. 

Government & Legal Documents or Professional Association Publications that provide a retrospective on a topic from the past. 

 

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