Read Science... all over University of Toronto Libraries!

For Science Literacy 2017, University of Toronto Libraries will be hosting a wide variety of book and other reading material displays inspired by this year’s theme "Science in a Post-Truth Era":

Science Fact or Fiction - Gerstein Science Information Centre
How do we Interpret Science in the Post-Truth Era is it Truth? Fiction? or Subjective? & How do Scientists Interpret Religion? - John M. Kelly Library (St. Michael's College)
Indigenous Contributions to STEM - OISE Library
Fake News, Science Communication, and Climate Change - University of Toronto Mississauga Library (UTM)
Science in a 'Post-Truth' Era - (UTSC Library)
"Man is Stupid" - Pope Fransis flying over hurricane-ravaged Caribbean, 2017 - Earth Science Library
Mouth Myths - Dentistry Library
Fortune, providence, serendipity or luck? The role of randomness and probability in our lives - Mathematical Sciences Library
Science in a Post-Truth Era: Topics in Engineering - Engineering & Computer Science Library

Global Science Literacy by Victor J. Mayer
Call Number: Ebook and Gerstein Science Stacks Q181 .G454 2002
ISBN: 1402005148
Publication Date: 2002-02-28
The authors propose the science curriculum concept of Global Science Literacy justifying its use internationally with reference to the nature of science, the probable direction of science in the new millennium, the capability for GSL to develop inter-cultural understanding, and its relevance to non-Western cultures and traditions. It is relevant to curriculum developers, researchers, teachers and graduate students.
Communicating Science to the Public by Leo Tan Wee Hin (Editor); R. Subramaniam (Editor)
Call Number: eBook
ISBN: 9789401790970
Publication Date: 2014-07-24
This book explores effective approaches for communicating science to the public in developing countries. The book also highlights some of the challenges that science communicators, science policy makers, science teachers, university academics in the sciences and even entrepreneurs may face in their attempts to boost science literacy levels in their countries. In addition, it shares several best practices from the developed world that may help readers create communication initiatives that can lead to increased engagement with science in communities in the Asia Pacific region and beyond.

Science Fact or Fiction - Gerstein Science Information Centre

Climate Change Denial by Haydn Washington; John Cook
ISBN: 1849713359
Publication Date: 2011-04-22
Humans have always used denial. When we are afraid, guilty, confused, or when something interferes with our self-image, we tend to deny it. Yet denial is a delusion. When it impacts on the health of oneself, or society, or the world it becomes a pathology. Climate change denial is such a case. Paradoxically, as the climate science has become more certain, denial about the issue has increased. The paradox lies in the denial. There is a denial industry funded by the fossil fuel companies that literally denies the science, and seeks to confuse the public. There is denial within governments, where spin-doctors use 'weasel words' to pretend they are taking action. However there is also denial within most of us, the citizenry. We let denial prosper and we resist the science. Climate Change Denial explains the social science behind denial. It contains a detailed examination of the principal climate change denial arguments, from attacks on the integrity of scientists, to impossible expectations of proof and certainty to the cherry picking of data. Climate change can be solved - but only when we cease to deny that it exists. This book shows how we can break through denial, accept reality, and thus solve the climate crisis. It will engage scientists, university students, climate change activists as well as the general public seeking to roll back denial and act.
Climate Change by Joseph Romm
ISBN: 0190250178
Publication Date: 2015-12-03
Climate change will have a bigger impact on humanity than the Internet has had. The last decade's spate of superstorms, wildfires, heat waves, and droughts has accelerated the public discourse on this topic and lent credence to climatologist Lonnie Thomson's 2010 statement that climate change"represents a clear and present danger to civilization." In June 2015, the Pope declared that action on climate change is a moral issue.This book offers the most up-to-date examination of climate change's foundational science, its implications for our future, and the core clean energy solutions. Alongside detailed but highly accessible descriptions of what is causing climate change, this entry in the What Everyone Needs to Knowseries answers questions about the practical implications of this growing force on our world: * How will climate change impact you and your family in the coming decades?* What are the future implications for owners of coastal property? * Should you plan on retiring in South Florida or the U.S. Southwest or Southern Europe? * What occupations and fields of study will be most in demand in a globally warmed world? * What impact will climate change have on investments and the global economy?As the world struggles to stem climate change and its effects, everyone will become a part of this story of the century. Here is what you need to know.
Don't Even Think about It by George Marshall
ISBN: 1620401339
Publication Date: 2014-08-19
Most of us recognize that climate change is real, and yet we do nothing to stop it. What is this psychological mechanism that allows us to know something is true but act as if it is not? George Marshall's search for the answers brings him face to face with Nobel Prize-winning psychologists and the activists of the Texas Tea Party; the world's leading climate scientists and the people who denounce them; liberal environmentalists and conservative evangelicals. What he discovered is that our values, assumptions, and prejudices can take on lives of their own, gaining authority as they are shared, dividing people in their wake. With engaging stories and drawing on years of his own research, Marshall argues that the answers do not lie in the things that make us different and drive us apart, but rather in what we all share: how our human brains are wired-our evolutionary origins, our perceptions of threats, our cognitive blindspots, our love of storytelling, our fear of death, and our deepest instincts to defend our family and tribe. Once we understand what excites, threatens, and motivates us, we can rethink and reimagine climate change, for it is not an impossible problem. Rather, it is one we can halt if we can make it our common purpose and common ground. Silence and inaction are the most persuasive of narratives, so we need to change the story. In the end,Don't Even Think About It is both about climate change and about the qualities that make us human and how we can grow as we deal with the greatest challenge we have ever faced.
Immunization by Stuart S. Blume
ISBN: 1780238371
Publication Date: 2017-10-15
One of the most important tools in the public health arsenal, vaccines are to thank for the global eradication of smallpox, and for allowing us to defeat the dire threat of infectious disease for more than one hundred years. Vaccine development is where scientists turn when faced with the frightening spread of new diseases like Zika, SARS, and Ebola. So if vaccines have proven to be such an effective tool, why are growing numbers of people questioning the wisdom of vaccinating children? Why have public-sector vaccine producers almost vanished? And can we trust the multinational corporations that increasingly dominate vaccine development and production? In this highly original and controversial new book, Stuart Blume argues that processes of globalization and unmet healthcare needs are eroding faith in the institutions producing and providing vaccines. He brings together short, readable histories of immunization practices over the past century, from the work of early pioneers such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch to the establishment of the World Health Organization and the introduction of genetic engineered vaccines. Focusing on today's "vaccine hesitancy," the book exposes the inadequacies of public health persuasion, and discusses what will be needed to restore parents' confidence. This is a timely history, one that not only sheds new light on the origins of our global vaccine crisis, but also points a way forward.
Values and Vaccine Refusal by Mark Navin
ISBN: 9781138790650
Publication Date: 2015-10-07
Parents in the US and other societies are increasingly refusing to vaccinate their children, even though popular anti-vaccine myths - e.g. 'vaccines cause autism' - have been debunked. This book explains the epistemic and moral failures that lead some parents to refuse to vaccinate their children. First, some parents have good reasons not to defer to the expertise of physicians, and to rely instead upon their own judgments about how to care for their children. Unfortunately, epistemic self-reliance systematically distorts beliefs in areas of inquiry in which expertise is required (like vaccine immunology). Second, vaccine refusers and mainstream medical authorities are often committed to different values surrounding health and safety. For example, while vaccine advocates stress that vaccines have low rates of serious complications, vaccine refusers often resist vaccination because it is 'unnatural' and because they view vaccine-preventable diseases as a 'natural' part of childhood. Finally, parents who refuse vaccines rightly resist the utilitarian moral arguments - 'for the greater good' - that vaccine advocates sometimes make. Unfortunately, vaccine refusers also sometimes embrace a pernicious hyper-individualism that sanctions free-riding on herd immunity and that cultivates indifference to the interpersonal and social harms that unvaccinated persons may cause.
Calling the Shots by Jennifer A. Reich
ISBN: 9781479812790
Publication Date: 2016-06-21
Honorable Mention, 2017 ESS Mirra Komarovsky Book Award presented by the Eastern Sociological Society Outstanding Book Award for the Section on Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity presented by the American Sociological Association A rich, multi-faceted examination into the attitudes and beliefs of parents who choose not to immunize their children The measles outbreak at Disneyland in December 2014 spread to a half-dozen U.S. states and sickened 147 people. It is just one recent incident that the medical community blames on the nation's falling vaccination rates. Still, many parents continue to claim that the risks that vaccines pose to their children are far greater than their benefits. Given the research and the unanimity of opinion within the medical community, many ask how such parents--who are most likely to be white, college educated, and with a family income over $75,000--could hold such beliefs. For over a decade, Jennifer Reich has been studying the phenomenon of vaccine refusal from the perspectives of parents who distrust vaccines and the corporations that make them, as well as the health care providers and policy makers who see them as essential to ensuring community health. Reich reveals how parents who opt out of vaccinations see their decision: what they fear, what they hope to control, and what they believe is in their child's best interest. Based on interviews with parents who fully reject vaccines as well as those who believe in "slow vax," or altering the number of and time between vaccinations, the author provides a fascinating account of these parents' points of view. Placing these stories in dialogue with those of pediatricians who see the devastation that can be caused by vaccine-preventable diseases and the policy makers who aim to create healthy communities, Calling the Shots offers a unique opportunity to understand the points of disagreement on what is best for children, communities, and public health, and the ways in which we can bridge these differences.
A Palette of Particles by Jeremy Bernstein
ISBN: 9780674072510
Publication Date: 2013-03-11
From molecules to stars, much of the cosmic canvas can be painted in brushstrokes of primary color: the protons, neutrons, and electrons we know so well. But for meticulous detail, we have to dip into exotic hues leptons, mesons, hadrons, quarks. Bringing particle physics to life as few authors can, Jeremy Bernstein here unveils nature in all its subatomic splendor. In this graceful account, Bernstein guides us through high-energy physics from the early twentieth century to the present, including such highlights as the newly discovered Higgs boson. Beginning with Ernest Rutherford s 1911 explanation of the nucleus, a model of atomic structure emerged that sufficed until the 1930s, when new particles began to be theorized and experimentally confirmed. In the postwar period, the subatomic world exploded in a blaze of unexpected findings leading to the theory of the quark, in all its strange and charmed variations. An eyewitness to developments at Harvard University and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, Bernstein laces his story with piquant anecdotes of such luminaries as Wolfgang Pauli, Murray Gell-Mann, and Sheldon Glashow. Surveying the dizzying landscape of contemporary physics, Bernstein remains optimistic about our ability to comprehend the secrets of the cosmos even as its mysteries deepen. We now know that over eighty percent of the universe consists of matter we have never identified or detected. "A Palette of Particles" draws readers into the excitement of a field where the more we discover, the less we seem to know."
Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities by Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities-Phase I Committee; Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council
ISBN: 9780309255714
Publication Date: 2012-06-29
In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
The Anti-Nuclear Game by Gordon Sims
ISBN: 0776602853
Publication Date: 1990-01-01
In a powerful, persuasive defence of the nuclear power industry, Gordon Sims contends that anti-nuclear forces have been consistently frightening the public with misguided and inaccurate claims about the hazards of nuclear power.
Radiation by Robert Peter Gale; Eric Lax
ISBN: 9780307959690
Publication Date: 2013-01-29
The essential guide to radiation: the good, the bad, and the utterly fascinating, explained with unprecedented clarity. Earth, born in a nuclear explosion, is a radioactive planet; without radiation, life would not exist. And while radiation can be dangerous, it is also deeply misunderstood and often mistakenly feared. Now Robert Peter Gale, M.D,--the doctor to whom concerned governments turned in the wake of the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters--in collaboration with medical writer Eric Lax draws on an exceptional depth of knowledge to correct myths and establish facts. Exploring what have become trigger words for anxiety--nuclear energy and nuclear weapons, uranium, plutonium, iodine-131, mammogram, X-ray, CT scan, threats to the food chain--the authors demystify the science and dangers of radiation, and examine its myriad benefits, from safely sterilizing our food to the relatively low-risk fuel alternative of nuclear energy. This is the book for all readers who have asked themselves questions such as: What kinds of radiation, and what degree of exposure, cause cancer? What aftereffects have nuclear accidents and bombs had? Does radiation increase the likelihood of birth defects? And how does radiation work? Hugely illuminating, Radiation is the definitive road map to our post-Chernobyl, post-Fukushima world.
Megawatts and Megatons by Richard L. Garwin; Georges Charpak
ISBN: 0226284271
Publication Date: 2002-12-15
In Megawatts and Megatons, world-renowned physicists Richard L. Garwin and Georges Charpak offer an accessible, eminently well-informed primer on two of the most important issues of our time: nuclear weapons and nuclear power. They begin by explaining clearly and concisely how nuclear fission and fusion work in both warheads and reactors, and how they can impact human health. Making a strong and eloquent argument in favor of arms control, Garwin and Charpak outline specific strategies for achieving this goal worldwide. But they also demonstrate how nuclear power can provide an assured, economically feasible, and environmentally responsible source of energy—in a way that avoids the hazards of weapons proliferation. Numerous figures enliven the text, including cartoons by Semp#65533;.
Supersizing Urban America by Chin Jou
ISBN: 9780226921921
Publication Date: 2017-03-15
More than one-third of adults in the United States are obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are over 112,000 obesity-related deaths annually, and for many years, the government has waged a very public war on the problem. Former Surgeon General Richard Carmona warned in 2006 that "obesity is the terror within," going so far as to call it a threat that will "dwarf 9/11." What doesn't get mentioned in all this? The fact that the federal government helped create the obesity crisis in the first place--especially where it is strikingly acute, among urban African-American communities. Supersizing Urban America reveals the little-known story of how the U.S. government got into the business of encouraging fast food in inner cities, with unforeseen consequences we are only beginning to understand. Chin Jou begins her story in the late#65533; 1960s, when predominantly African-American neighborhoods went from having no fast food chain restaurants to being littered with them. She uncovers the federal policies that have helped to subsidize that expansion, including loan guarantees to fast food franchisees, programs intended to promote minority entrepreneurship, and urban revitalization initiatives. During this time, fast food companies also began to relentlessly market to urban African-American consumers. An unintended consequence of these developments was that low-income minority communities were disproportionately affected by the obesity epidemic. ?In the first book about the U.S. government's problematic role in promoting fast food in inner-city America, Jou tells a riveting story of the food industry, obesity, and race relations in America that is essential to understanding health and obesity in contemporary urban America.
The Diet Myth by Tim Spector
ISBN: 1468311514
Publication Date: 2015-09-08
What should we eat? It's a simple and fundamental question that still bewilders us, despite a seemingly infinite amount of available information on which foods are best for our bodies. Scientists, dieticians, and even governments regularly publish research on the dangers of too much fat and sugar, as well as on the benefits of exercise, and yet the global obesity crisis is only worsening. Most diet plans prove to be only short-term solutions, and few strategies work for everyone. Why can one person eat a certain meal and gain weight, while another eating the same meal drops pounds? Part of the truth lies in genetics, but more and more, scientists are finding that the answer isn't so much what we put into our stomachs, but rather the essential digestive microbes already in them.Drawing on the latest science and his team's own pioneering research, The Diet Myth explores the hidden world of the microbiome, and demystifies the common misconceptions about fat, calories, vitamins, and nutrients. Dr. Tim Spector shows us that only by understanding what makes our own personal microbes tick and interact can we overcome the confusion of modern nutrition, allowing us to regain natural balance in our bodies. Countless recent scientific papers have been written on weight-loss topics like prebiotics and fructans, and The Diet Myth gathers these latest findings into one place, revealing new information about how best to lose weight and manage our bodies. Mixing cutting-edge discoveries, illuminating science, and his own case studies, Spector reveals why we should abandon fads and instead embrace diversity for a balanced diet, a healthy stomach, and a nourished body.
The Big Fat Surprise by Nina Teicholz
ISBN: 9781451624434
Publication Date: 2015-01-06
A New York Times bestseller Named one of The Economist's Books of the Year 2014 Named one of The Wall Street Journal's Top Ten Best Nonfiction Books of 2014 Kirkus Reviews Best Nonfiction Books of 2014 Forbes's Most Memorable Healthcare Book of 2014 Named a Best Food Book of 2014 by Mother Jones Named one of Library Journal's Best Books of 2014 In The Big Fat Surprise, investigative journalist Nina Teicholz reveals the unthinkable: that everything we thought we knew about dietary fat is wrong. She documents how the low-fat nutrition advice of the past sixty years has amounted to a vast uncontrolled experiment on the entire population, with disastrous consequences for our health. For decades, we have been told that the best possible diet involves cutting back on fat, especially saturated fat, and that if we are not getting healthier or thinner it must be because we are not trying hard enough. But what if the low-fat diet is itself the problem? What if the very foods we've been denying ourselves--the creamy cheeses, the sizzling steaks--are themselves the key to reversing the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease? In this captivating, vibrant, and convincing narrative, based on a nine-year-long investigation, Teicholz shows how the misinformation about saturated fats took hold in the scientific community and the public imagination, and how recent findings have overturned these beliefs. She explains why the Mediterranean Diet is not the healthiest, and how we might be replacing trans fats with something even worse. This startling history demonstrates how nutrition science has gotten it so wrong: how overzealous researchers, through a combination of ego, bias, and premature institutional consensus, have allowed dangerous misrepresentations to become dietary dogma. With eye-opening scientific rigor, The Big Fat Surprise upends the conventional wisdom about all fats with the groundbreaking claim that more, not less, dietary fat--including saturated fat--is what leads to better health and wellness. Science shows that we have been needlessly avoiding meat, cheese, whole milk, and eggs for decades and that we can now, guilt-free, welcome these delicious foods back into our lives.
Careful Eating by Emma-Jayne Abbots (Editor); Anna Lavis (Editor); Luci Attala; Michael K. Goodman (Series edited by)
ISBN: 1472439481
Publication Date: 2015-07-28
Critically reflecting on the interplays between food and care, this multidisciplinary volume asks 'why do individuals, institutions and agencies care about what other people eat?' It explores how acts of caring about food and eating shape and intervene in individual bodies as well as being enacted in and through those bodies. In so doing, the volume extends current critical debates regarding food and care as political mechanisms through which social hierarchies are constructed and both self and 'other' (re)produced. Addressing the ways in which eating and caring interact on multiple scales and sites - from public health and clinical settings to the market, the home and online communities - Careful Eating asks what 'eating' and 'caring' are, what relationships they create and rupture, and how their interplay is experienced in myriad spaces of everyday life. Taking account of this two-directional flow of engagement between eating and caring, the chapters are organized into three central theoretical dimensions: how eating practices mobilize discourses and forms of care; how discourses and practices of care (look to) shape particular forms of eating and food preferences; and how it is often in the bodies of individual consumers that eating and care encounter one another.

OISE Library - Indigenous Contributions to STEM

Bridging Cultures: Indigenous and Scientific Ways of Knowing Nature by Glen Aikenhead; Herman Michell
ISBN: 0132105578
Publication Date: 2011-05-17
This book supports science teachers, teacher candidates, and science educators preparing to implement science curricula that recognize Indigenous knowledge as a foundational way to understand the physical world. Indigenous and scientific ways of knowing nature have similarities and differences, as well as strengths and limitations. By exploring these in detail based on academic scholarship, the book guides the reader in building their own cultural bridges between their scientific world and the world of an Indigenous community; bridges that lead to a culturally responsive science classroom. The book demonstrates how the intellectual tradition of the scientific community coexists with the wisdom traditions of Indigenous communities. This benefits the scientific literacy and insights into nature of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. The goal of a cross-cultural school science is for all students to learn the best from Indigenous and scientific ways of understanding nature.
Igluvigaliurniq Qamusiurnirlu / How to build an iglu and a qamutiik by Solomon Awa; Andrew Breithaupt (Illustrator)
ISBN: 9781927095317
Publication Date: 2013-09-01
The iglu, a traditional winter shelter built in the Arctic for centuries, is a vital part of Inuit culture. The qamutiik, a traditional sled used for hunting, is an essential tool whose versatility and dependability have allowed it to endure over time. In How to Build an Iglu & a Qamutiik, Solomon Awa provides thorough how-to instructions on building iglus and qamutiiks, along with general background information on their construction and importance to survival. Complete with detailed, clear illustrations, this valuable resource will teach readers to build these structures that are so central to Inuit culture and tradition.
A Native American Thought of It: Amazing Inventions and Innovations by Rocky Landon; David MacDonald (As told to)
ISBN: 9781554511549
Publication Date: 2013-02-01
Everyone knows that moccasins, canoes and toboggans were invented by the Aboriginal people of North America, but did you know that they also developed their own sign language, syringe needles and a secret ingredient in soda pop? Depending on where they lived, Aboriginal communities relied on their ingenuity to harness the resources available to them. Some groups, such as the Iroquois, were particularly skilled at growing and harvesting food. From them, we get corn and wild rice, as well as maple syrup. Other groups, including the Sioux and Comanche of the plains, were exceptional hunters. Camouflage, fish hooks, and decoys were all developed to make the task of catching animals easier. And even games--lacrosse, hockey and volleyball--have Native American roots. Other clever inventions and innovations include the following: * Sunscreen * Surgical blades * Diapers * Asphalt * Megaphones * Hair conditioner With descriptive photos and information-packed text, this book explores eight different categories in which the creativity of First Nations peoples from across the continent led to remarkable inventions and innovations, many of which are still in use today.
Ancient Wisdom, Modern Science: The Integration of Native Knowledge at Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities by Paul Boyer (Editor)
ISBN: 1934594075
Publication Date: 2011-01-01
Ancient Wisdom, Modern Science is a collection of essays examining the experiences of Native American tribally controlled colleges and universities working to "Indianize" their math and science curricula. Inspired by the writings of the late Vine Deloria and other Indian scholars, tribal college faculty and key administrators are attempting to take control of the science curriculum and create courses and entire degree programs that link Native and Western ways of knowing. With growing confidence, colleges are validating traditional tribal knowledge and exploring scientific concepts from a Native perspective.
My Arctic 1, 2, 3 by Michael Arvaarluk Kusugak; Michael Kusugak; Vladyana Krykorka (Illustrator)
ISBN: 1550375059
Publication Date: 1996-05-01
Whether you're a returning guest or a first-time visitor, enter My Arctic 1, 2, 3 and explore Michael Kusugak's world of animals and adventure in the Arctic Circle. On each two-page spread, discover counting and creatures, and learn who's predator and who's prey. Witness five Arctic foxes hunting six furry siksiks. Then watch seven fishermen catch eight Arctic char. Numbers explored include 1 to 10, 20, 100 and even 1,000,000 (millions of berries ripen in the fall). Each scene, rendered in Vladyana Krykorka's breathtaking paintings, is awash in Arctic colors and includes the depicted number in English and Inuktitut. For those wanting more Inuit info, a special end section by Arctic-native Kusugak recounts his experiences living in the north along side the animals featured in the book. With Arctic animals and number fun, it's no surprise My Arctic 1, 2, 3 has become a book for families to share, cherish, and count on.
Good Science? the Growing Gap Between Power and Education by Georgina Marjorie Stewart
ISBN: 9789460913662
Publication Date: 2010-09-01
This work uses narrative research, including accounts of personal experiences, to explore the margins of science and ethics. Boundaries between science and other cultural and disciplinary forms of knowledge are illuminated through studying the inter-relationships between identity, knowledge and power, using narratives both in and as a form of philosophical reflection on educational practice. The story centres on a contemporary real-world context of minority-language science education, showing how this fits into longstanding trans-disciplinary intercultural debates about the nature of science and of knowledge in general. The narrative form is used to bridge and interweave the multiple discourses influencing both the real-world context and the approach to its investigation. This analysis clarifies the linkages between paradigms of critical postcolonial research and post-positivist epistemology, and illustrates how social science, including educational research, may use science and technology to assist, rather than delimit, our understanding of complex human phenomena such as education, culture, language and science.

How do we Interpret Science in the Post-Truth Era is it Truth? Fiction? or Subjective? - John M. Kelly Library

On Fact and Fraud by David L. Goodstein
Call Number: Q175.37 G66 2010 SMC
ISBN: 9780691139661
Publication Date: 2010-02-21
Fraud in science is not as easy to identify as one might think. When accusations of scientific misconduct occur, truth can often be elusive, and the cause of a scientist's ethical misstep isn't always clear. On Fact and Fraud looks at actual cases in which fraud was committed or alleged, explaining what constitutes scientific misconduct and what doesn't, and providing readers with the ethical foundations needed to discern and avoid fraud wherever it may arise.
Bold Scientists : Dispatches from the battle for honest science by Michael Riordon
Call Number: Q175.5 .R55 SMC 2014
ISBN: 9781771131247
Publication Date: 2014
Who controls science and at what cost to the earth and its inhabitants? Can we change? As governments and corporations scramble to pull the plug on research that proves that they are poisoning our planet and rush to muzzle the scientists who dare to share their disturbing data, it seems the powerful have declared a war on science. Michael Riordon asks deep questions of bold scientists who defy the status quo including: an Indigenous biologist who integrates traditional knowledge and a trickster’s wit; an engineering professor who exposes the myths and dangers of fracking; a forensic geneticist who traces children stolen by the military in El Salvador; a sociologist who investigates the lure and threat of mass surveillance; a radical psychologist who confronts psychiatry’s dangerous power; and a young marine biologist who risks her career to defend science and democracy.
The Blind Spot by William Byers
Call Number: Q175.5 .B94 2011 SMC
ISBN: 9780691146843
Publication Date: 2011-04-17
In today's unpredictable and chaotic world, we look to science to provide certainty and answers--and often blame it when things go wrong. The Blind Spot reveals why our faith in scientific certainty is a dangerous illusion, and how only by embracing science's inherent ambiguities and paradoxes can we truly appreciate its beauty and harness its potential. Crackling with insights into our most perplexing contemporary dilemmas, from climate change to the global financial meltdown, this book challenges our most sacredly held beliefs about science, technology, and progress. At the same time, it shows how the secret to better science can be found where we least expect it--in the uncertain, the ambiguous, and the inevitably unpredictable. William Byers explains why the subjective element in scientific inquiry is in fact what makes it so dynamic, and deftly balances the need for certainty and rigor in science with the equally important need for creativity, freedom, and downright wonder.
Times of Triumph, Times of Doubt : Science and the Battle for Public Trust by Elof Axel Carlson
Call Number: Q175.35 .C37 2006 SMC
ISBN: 0879698055
Publication Date: 2006-08-22
The intent and uses of science are a continuing preoccupation, especially in public debates on issues such as new pharmaceuticals, cloning, stem cells, genetically modified foods, and assisted reproduction. Times of Triumph, Times of Doubt, written by the eminent geneticist and historian Elof Carlson, explores the moral foundations of science and their role in these hot-button issues. Carlson chooses a variety of case histories and describes their scientific background and the part played by scientists in the application of their work, including their motivations and reactions to bad outcomes, both real and alleged. He examines why ethical lapses have occurred in these areas, why bad things happen when, for the most part, those who worked on the science had only good intentions in mind, and how such lapses can be prevented from occurring in the future. This exploration of ethics and science is important reading for those interested in issues of science and society, including journalists, theologians, legislators, lawyers, and scientists themselves.
The Half-Life of Facts: Why Everything we Know has an Expiration Date by Samuel Arbesman
Call Number: Q175.32 E85 A74 2012 SMC
ISBN: 9781591844723
Publication Date: 2012-09-27
Facts change all the time. Smoking has gone from doctor recommended to deadly. We used to think the Earth was the center of the universe and that Pluto was a planet. For decades, we were convinced that the brontosaurus was a real dinosaur. In short, what we know about the world is constantly changing. But it turns out there’s an order to the state of knowledge, an explanation for how we know what we know. Samuel Arbesman is an expert in the field of scientometrics—literally the science of science. Knowledge in most fields evolves systematically and predict¬ably, and this evolution unfolds in a fascinating way that can have a powerful impact on our lives. Just as we know that a chunk of uranium can break down in a measurable amount of time—a radioactive half-life—so too any given field’s change in knowledge can be measured concretely. We can know when facts in aggregate are obsolete, the rate at which new facts are created, and even how facts spread.
Creating Scientific Controversies : Uncertainty and Bias in Science and Society by David Harker
Call Number: Q175 .H3245 2015 SMC
ISBN: 9781107692367
Publication Date: 2015-10-01
For decades, cigarette companies helped to promote the impression that there was no scientific consensus concerning the safety of their product. The appearance of controversy, however, was misleading, designed to confuse the public and to protect industry interests. Created scientific controversies emerge when expert communities are in broad agreement but the public perception is one of profound scientific uncertainty and doubt. In the first book-length analysis of the concept of a created scientific controversy, David Harker explores issues including climate change, Creation science, the anti-vaccine movement and genetically modified crops. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, social epistemology, critical thinking and philosophy of science, he shows readers how to better understand, evaluate, and respond to the appearance of scientific controversy.
The Republican War on Science by Christopher Cole Mooney
Call Number: Q175.52 .U5 M66 2005 SMC
ISBN: 0465046754
Publication Date: 2005-08-30
Science has never been more crucial to deciding the political issues facing the country. Yet science and scientists have less influence with the federal government than at any time since Richard Nixon fired his science advisors. In the White House and Congress today, findings are reported in a politicized manner; spun or distorted to fit the speaker's agenda; or, when they're too inconvenient, ignored entirely. In The Republican War on Science, Chris Mooney ties together the disparate strands of the attack on science into a compelling and frightening account of our government's increasing unwillingness to distinguish between legitimate research and ideologically driven pseudoscience.
Skeptic by Michael Shermer
Call Number: Q175 .S537 2016 SMC
ISBN: 9781627791380
Publication Date: 2016-01-12
For fifteen years, bestselling author Michael Shermer has written a column in Scientific American magazine that synthesizes scientific concepts and theory for a general audience. His trademark combination of deep scientific understanding and entertaining writing style has thrilled his huge and devoted audience for years. Now, in Skeptic, seventy-five of these columns are available together for the first time; a welcome addition for his fans and a stimulating introduction for new readers.
The Price of Truth : How Money Affects the Norms of Science by David B. Resnik
Call Number: Q175.35 .R47 2007 SMC
ISBN: 9780195309782
Publication Date: 2006-12-28
Modern science is big business. Governments, universities, and corporations have invested billions of dollars in scientific and technological research in the hope of obtaining power and profit. For the most part, this investment has benefited science and society, leading to new discoveries, inventions, disciplines, specialties, jobs, and career opportunities. However, there is a dark side to the influx of money into science. Unbridled pursuit of financial gain in science can undermine scientific norms, such as objectivity, honesty, openness, respect for research participants, and social responsibility. In The Price of Truth, David B. Resnik examines some of the important and difficult questions resulting from the financial and economic aspects of modern science. How does money affect scientific research? Have scientists become entrepreneurs bent on making money instead of investigators searching for the truth?
The March of Unreason by Dick Taverne
Call Number: Q175.5 .T38 2005 SMC
ISBN: 0192804855
Publication Date: 2005-05-05
Dick Taverne issues a stern warning in this bold and controversial book. He assesses the dangers of the irrational and fundamentalist forces that exert increasing control over decisions concerning our society and the environment. The second half of the last century saw growing disillusionment with the trust in scientific and technological progress as the way to ease the sufferings of humankind. This occurred even as the Green Revolution, for all its problems, allowed millions to be fed who would otherwise have starved. Postmodernism attempted to drag science from its pedestal of objective truth by declaring it to be purely a social construct. Extreme cultural relativists asserted that scientific truth was but a Western cultural invention, on par with ‘truths’ discovered by other cultures. In the ensuing climate of fear and mistrust, the ‘precautionary principle’ and fear of ‘unknown unknowns’ halts genuine possibilities of progress.
Denying Science : Conspiracy Theories, Media Distortions, and the War against Reality by John Grant
Call Number: Q175.5 .G734 2011 SMC
ISBN: 9781616143992
Publication Date: 2011-08-23
Our culture has in recent decades been characterized by a widespread antagonism toward science and the not-always-welcome messages it brings. Large sections of our population deny scientific evidence and even call into question the competence of science as a descriptor of reality. In short, as John Grant forcefully points out in this important book, they reject reality. Is global warming just scaremongering by climatologists conspiring to protect their jobs? Is evolution "just a theory"? Is autism caused by vaccinations? The answer to all of these questions is, of course, no. The scientific evidence is now in, and it’s conclusive, on these and many more issues that are fundamental to our knowledge and well being. But you’d never know this if all of your information came from the popular media or your upbringing and immediate circle of influence didn’t include critical thinking and basic scientific literacy.
Did Adam and Eve Have Navels? : Debunking Pseudoscience by Martin Gardner
Call Number: Q173 .G34 2000 SMC
ISBN: 0393322386
Publication Date: 2000
Martin Gardner is perhaps the wittiest, most devastating unmasker of scientific fraud and intellectual chicanery of our time. Here he muses on topics as diverse as numerology, New Age anthropology, and the late Senator Claiborne Pell's obsession with UFOs, as he mines Americans' seemingly inexhaustible appetite for bad science. Gardner's funny, brilliantly unsettling exposés of reflexology and urine therapy should be required reading for anyone interested in "alternative" medicine. In a world increasingly tilted toward superstition, Did Adam and Eve Have Navels? will give those of us who prize logic and common sense immense solace and inspiration.
Science in the Looking Glass : What do scientists really know by E. Brian Davies
Call Number: Q175 .D298 2007
ISBN: 9780199219186
Publication Date: 2007-08-23
How do scientific conjectures become laws? Why does proof mean different things in different sciences? Do numbers exist, or were they invented? Why do some laws turn out to be wrong? In this wide-ranging book, Brian Davies discusses the basis for scientists' claims to knowledge about the world. He looks at science historically, emphasizing not only the achievements of scientists from Galileo onwards, but also their mistakes. He rejects the claim that all scientific knowledge is provisional, by citing examples from chemistry, biology and geology. Disentangling knowledge from opinion and aspiration is a hard task, but this book provided a clear guide to the difficulties.
Good Science, Bad Science, Pseudoscience, and Just Plain Bunk by Peter A. Daempfle
Call Number: Q175 .D174 2013 SMC
ISBN: 9781442217263
Publication Date: 2013
We are constantly bombarded with breaking scientific news in the media, but we are almost never provided with enough information to assess the truth of these claims. Does drinking coffee really cause cancer? Does bisphenol-A in our tin can linings really cause reproductive damage? Good Science, Bad Science, Pseudoscience, and Just Plain Bunk teaches readers how to think like a scientist to question claims like these more critically. Peter A. Daempfle introduces readers to the basics of scientific inquiry, defining what science is and how it can be misused. Through provocative real-world examples, the book helps readers acquire the tools needed to distinguish scientific truth from myth. The book celebrates science and its role in society while building scientific literacy.
Philosophy of Pseudoscience by Massimo Pigliucci (Editor); Maarten Boudry (Editor)
Call Number: Q172.5 .P77 P48 2013 SMC
ISBN: 9780226051796
Publication Date: 2013-08-16
What sets the practice of rigorously tested, sound science apart from pseudoscience? In this volume, the contributors seek to answer this question, known to philosophers of science as “the demarcation problem.” This issue has a long history in philosophy, stretching as far back as the early twentieth century and the work of Karl Popper. But by the late 1980s, scholars in the field began to treat the demarcation problem as impossible to solve and futile to ponder. However, the essays that Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry have assembled in this volume make a rousing case for the unequivocal importance of reflecting on the separation between pseudoscience and sound science. Even a well-informed public can be taken in by such questionable theories dressed up as science. Pseudoscientific beliefs compete with sound science on the health pages of newspapers for media coverage and in laboratories for research funding. Now more than ever the ability to separate genuine scientific findings from spurious ones is vital.
Fool Me Twice : Fighting the Assault on Science in America by Shawn Lawrence Otto
Call Number: Q172 .O88 2011 SMC
ISBN: 9781605292175
Publication Date: 2011-10-11
What happens in a world dominated by complex science? Are the people still well-enough
informed to be trusted with their own government? And with less than 2 percent of Congress with any professional background in science, how can our government be trusted to lead us in the right direction? Will the media save us? Don't count on it. Of the 2,975 questions directed to the candidates for president in early 2008, just six mentioned the words "global warming" or "climate change," the greatest policy challenge facing America. To put that in perspective, three questions mentioned UFOs. Today the world's major unsolved challenges all revolve around science. By the 2012 election cycle, at a time when science is influencing every aspect of modern life, antiscience views from climate-change denial to creationism to vaccine refusal have become mainstream. Shawn Lawrence Otto has written a behind-the-scenes look at how the government, our politics, and the media prevent us from finding the real solutions we need. Fool Me Twice is the clever, outraged, and frightening account of America's relationship with science -- a relationship that is on the rocks at the very time we need it most.
A Survival Guide to the Misinformation Age by David J. Helfand
Call Number: Q175.5 .E77 H45 2016 SMC
ISBN: 9780231168724
Publication Date: 2016-02-02
We live in the Information Age, with billions of bytes of data just two swipes away. Yet how much of this is mis- or even disinformation? A lot of it is, and your search engine can't tell the difference. As a result, an avalanche of misinformation threatens to overwhelm the discourse we so desperately need to address complex social problems such as climate change, the food and water crises, biodiversity collapse, and emerging threats to public health. This book provides an inoculation against the misinformation epidemic by cultivating scientific habits of mind. Anyone can do it--indeed, everyone must do it if our species is to survive on this crowded and finite planet.

How do Scientists Interpret Religion? - John M. Kelly Library

Science vs. Religion : What Scientists Really Think by Elaine Howard Ecklund
Call Number: BL 240.3 .E25 2010 SMC
ISBN: 9780195392982
Publication Date: 2010-05-06
In Science vs. Religion, Elaine Howard Ecklund investigates this unexamined assumption in the first systematic study of what scientists actually think and feel about religion. In the course of her research, Ecklund surveyed nearly 1,700 scientists and interviewed 275 of them. She finds that most of what we believe about the faith lives of elite scientists is wrong. Nearly 50 percent of them are religious. Many others are what she calls "spiritual entrepreneurs," seeking creative ways to work with the tensions between science and faith outside the constraints of traditional religion. With broad implications for education, science funding, and the thorny ethical questions surrounding stem-cell research, cloning, and other cutting-edge scientific endeavors, Science vs. Religion brings a welcome dose of reality to the science and religion debates.
God's Mechanics by Guy Consolmagno
Call Number: BL240.3 .C68 2008 SMC
ISBN: 9780787994662
Publication Date: 2008
In God's Mechanics, Brother Guy tells the stories of those who identify with the scientific mindset—so-called "techies"—while practicing religion. A full fledged techie himself, he relates some classic philosophical reflections, his interviews with dozens of fellow techies, and his own personal take on his Catholic beliefs to provide, like a set of "worked out sample problems," the hard data on the challenges and joys of embracing a life of faith as a techie. And he also gives a roadmap of the traps that can befall an unwary techie believer. With lively prose and wry humor, Brother Guy shows how he not only believes in God but gives religion an honored place alongside science in his life. This book offers an engaging look at how—and why—scientists and those with technological leanings can hold profound, "unprovable" religious beliefs while working in highly empirical fields. Through his own experience and interviews with other scientists and engineers who profess faith, Brother Guy explores how religious beliefs and practices make sense to those who are deeply rooted in the world of technology.
The Science Delusion : Asking the Big Questions in a Culture of Easy Answers by Curtis White
Call Number: Q175 .W495 2013
ISBN: 9781612192000
Publication Date: 2013-05-28
The so-called new atheists, most famously Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens, made a splash in the new millen¬nium. They told the evangelical and the liberal believer that they must give up religion and submit to science. In short, the rich philosophical debates of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have been nearly totally abandoned, argues Curtis White. An atheist himself, White fears what this new turn toward “scientism” will do to our culture if allowed to flourish without challenge. After all, is creativity really just chemicals in the brain? Is it wrong to ponder “Why is there something instead of nothing?” or “What is our purpose on Earth?” These were some of the original concerns of the Romantic Movement, which pushed back against the dogmas of science in a nearly forgotten era
Decoding the Language of God : Can a Scientist Really be a Believer? by George C. Cunningham
Call Number: BL240.3 .C86 2010 SMC
ISBN: 9781591027669
Publication Date: 2010
In his bestselling book, The Language of God, Francis Collins--the director of the National Institutes of Health and the scientist who led the Human Genome Project--attempted to harmonize the findings of scientific research with Christian belief. In this response to Collins's work, fellow geneticist George C. Cunningham presents a point-by-point rebuttal of The Language of God, arguing that there is no scientifically acceptable evidence to support belief in a personal God and much that discredits it. Written with admirable clarity for the nonscientist, Decoding the Language of God covers much of the same ground addressed by Collins in his book: the origins of moral behavior, the difficulty of reconciling belief in a good God with the existence of evil. and anthropic coincidences as evidence of God as creator. Cunningham also devotes chapters to the unreliability of the Bible as a basis for belief; the conflict between naturalistic explanations of reality, which are anchored in scientific research, and supernatural interpretations, which are ¬ and the many difficulties in conceptualizing the origins of the universe in terms of a personal God. Unlike recent hostile attacks on religious belief, Cunningham's respectful, well-reasoned discussion will appeal to open-minded people across the whole spectrum of belief and unbelief.
Can Science Explain Religion? : The Cognitive Science Debate by James W. Jones
Call Number: BL240.3 .J66 2016 SMC
ISBN: 9780190249380
Publication Date: 2016
The “New Atheist” movement of recent years has put the science-versus-religion controversy back on the popular cultural agenda. Anti-Religious polemicists are convinced that the application of the new sciences of the mind to religious belief gives them the final weapons in their battle against irrationality and superstition. What used to be a trickle of research papers scattered in specialized scientific journals has now become a torrent of books, articles, and community in the popular media pressing the case that the cognitive science of religion can finally fulfill the enlightenment dream of shrinking religion into insignificance, if not eliminating it altogether. James W. Jones argues that these claims are demonstrably false. He notes that cognitive science research is religiously neutral; it can be deployed in many different ways in relationship to the actual belief in and practice of religion; to undermine it, to simply study it, and to support it.
When Religious Faith Collides with Science by Jan M. Long; Mailen Kootsey (Foreword by)
Call Number: BL240.3 .L66 2016 SMC
ISBN: 9781498283977
Publication Date: 2016-08-17
A 2014 Gallup Poll indicated that 26 percent of Americans believe that humans came into existence less than 10,000 years ago, with a much larger 37 percent believing the world was created in six 24-hour days. Those percentages represent around 83 million and 118 million people respectively, suggesting these to be ideas that resonate with a large swath of the population. Given the prevalence of such thinking the question looms, "Is it possible that so many people could be wrong, or is science simply mistaken about some of these matters?" This book is very much about the importance process plays in the conclusions that are reachable, with Jan Long proposing that process itself can answer such questions, doing so in a way that offers credibility. He proposes that process entails a set of well-established rules for how knowledge is acquired, and these can help guide the formation of a sacred construct about beginnings. In the final analysis it is a process that seeks to replace dogmatic thinking with humble and tentative expressions about that which is knowable about the many mysteries of reality that convey to sentient beings, awe and wonder.
Why Science Does Not Disprove God by Amir D. Aczel
Call Number: BL240.3 .A29 2014 SMC
ISBN: 9780062230591
Publication Date: 2014-04-15
The renowned science writer, mathematician, and bestselling author of Fermat's Last Theorem masterfully refutes the overreaching claims the "New Atheists," providing millions of educated believers with a clear, engaging explanation of what science really says, how there's still much space for the Divine in the universe, and why faith in both God and empirical science are not mutually exclusive. A highly publicized coterie of scientists and thinkers, including Richard Dawkins, the late Christopher Hitchens, and Lawrence Krauss, have vehemently contended that breakthroughs in modern science have disproven the existence of God, asserting that we must accept that the creation of the universe came out of nothing, that religion is evil, that evolution fully explains the dazzling complexity of life, and more. In this much-needed book, science journalist Amir Aczel profoundly disagrees and conclusively demonstrates that science has not, as yet, provided any definitive proof refuting the existence of God.
Where the Conflict Really Lies : Science, Religion, & Naturalism by Alvin Plantinga
Call Number: BL240.3 .P53 2011
ISBN: 9780199812097
Publication Date: 2011-12-09
This book is a long-awaited major statement by a pre-eminent analytic philosopher, Alvin Plantinga, on one of our biggest debates -- the compatibility of science and religion. Plantinga examines where this conflict is supposed to exist -- evolution, evolutionary psychology, analysis of scripture, scientific study of religion -- as well as claims by Dan Dennett, Richard Dawkins, and Philip Kitcher that evolution and theistic belief cannot co-exist. Plantinga makes a case that their arguments are not only inconclusive but that the supposed conflicts themselves are superficial, due to the methodological naturalism used by science. Plantinga argues that we might think about arguments in science and religion in a new way -- as different forms of discourse that try to persuade people to look at questions from a perspective such that they can see that something is true.

Dentistry Library - Mouth Myths

Inspired by the Nova Scotia Dental Association's Healthyteeth website, below are Mouth Myths, some common misconceptions about dentistry. For each there are a few references that debunk the myth. Enjoy!

Myth: A harder brush is a better brush

False. Research found brushing force to be statistically significant in plaque removal when the brushing time is under 2 minutes (McCracken, 2003). However, as brushing time increases, brushing force was not more significant in removing PI. If we brush for 2 minutes or more we can brush softly and it will get the job done!

Myth: Cavities on baby teeth don’t matter

False. Early childhood caries (ECC) are a major public health problem and are the most prevalent chronic disease in children (Piva et al., 2017). ECC is caused by different genotypes of S. mutans found in saliva and dental biofilms (Valdez et al., 2017). The prevalence of ECC has also been associate with social, biological and behavior factors such as parental education level and mothers returning to work in the first two years of the child’s life (Piva et al., 2017). Children who are abused or neglected are more prone to ECC than the rest of the under 5 year population in Toronto (Valencia-Rojas et al., 2008). For these reasons, ECC should not be overlooked and children should visit the dentist regularly to have ECC treated as soon as possible

Myth: It’s too late for braces

False. It’s not too late for adults to receive orthodontic treatment! Although it is true that most patients undergo orthodontic treatment in childhood and adolescence, adults can also successfully receive treatment for malocclusion and impacted teeth (Becker et al., 2003). In a study of 1653 adult patients who received orthodontic treatment between 1993 and 2009, 82.9% of patients reported a good or acceptable outcome after their treatment (Klaus et al., 2017).

Myth: Have a baby, lose a tooth

False. The calcium that develops the baby’s teeth comes from diet intake, not from the mother’s teeth. It is important to eat calcium-rich meals or take a supplement to ensure that both mother and baby have enough calcium (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008). However, there are some indirect relationships between pregnancy and toothloss, such as hormonal exposure related to periodontitis, poor dental care utilization during pregnancy and a decrease of dental insurance coverage (Russell, 2008). It is important that the mother maintain good oral health during pregnancy. Dentists can help. Giglio et al. provide a good overview of oral health care for pregnant patients (2009).

Myth: My kid doesn’t eat that much sugar

May be true. Sugars consumed by children are often hidden in sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) (Paes, 2017), and may go unnoticed by parents. Sugar consumption is a cause of childhood obesity, which is expected to rise from 4.2% in 1990 to 9.1% by 2020 (Paes, 2017). The good news is, oral health professionals have an opportunity to engage with interprofessional teams, and play an active role in the prevention and management of SSB consumption (Mallonee, 2017). A recent scoping review identified and reviewed literature discussing the skills and tools required by health professionals to guide dietary changes in children and their parents (Mallonee, 2017).

Myth: Whiter teeth are healthier teeth

False. In recent years, the demand for whiter teeth has increased (Bruhn, 2012; Meireles, 2013). This is due in part by perceptions of white teeth being more attractive and healthier (Khalid, 2015). Tooth whitening is safe and effective, but there are risks associated with it that users should be aware of (Carey, 2014). A study on tooth whitening found patient satisfaction increased with whiter teeth (Bruhn, 2012). Whitening products however, may also increase tooth sensitivity (Meireles, 2013). It is recommended that tooth whitening always be done under the guidance of a dentist.

References

Becker, A., Chaushu, S. (2003). Success rate and duration of orthodontic treatment for adult patients with palatally impacted canines. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 124:509-514. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00578-X

Bruhn, A.M., Darby, M.L., McCombs, G.B., Lynch, C.M. (2012)Vital tooth whitening effects on oral health-related quality of life in older adults. The Journal of Dental Hygiene 86(3): 239-247. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22947847

Carey, C.M., Tooth Whitening: What we now know. Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice 145: 70-76. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.02.006

Giglio, J.A., Lanni, S.M., Laskin, D.M., Giglio, N.W. (2009). Oral health care for the pregnant patient. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 75(1):43-48. Available from https://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-75/issue-1/43.pdf

Khalid, A., Quinonez, C. Straight, white teeth as a social prerogative. Sociology of Health & Illness 37(5): 782-796. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12238

Klaus, K., Stark, P., Serbesis, T.S.P., Pancherz, H., Ruf, S. (2017). Excellent versus unacceptable orthodontic results: influencing factors. European Journal of Orthodontics, 2017, 1-7. Available from https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjx006

Mallonee, L.F., Boyd, L.D., Stegeman, C. (2017). A scoping review of skills and tools oral health professionals need to engage children and parents in dietary changes to prevent childhood obesity and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 77 (2017): S128-S135. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12237

McCracken, G.I., Janssen, J., Swan, M., Steen, N. de Jager, M., Heasman, P.A. (2003). Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 30:409-413. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/12716332/

Meireles, S.S., Goettems, M.L., Dantas, R.V.F., Della Bona, A., Santos, I.S., Demarco, F.F. (2014) Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Journal of Dentistry 12: 114-121. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24316342

Paes, V.M., Hesketh, K., O’Malley, C., Summerbell, C., Griffin, S., van Sluijs, E.M.F., Ong, K.K., Lakshman, R. (2015). Determinants of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young children: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 16:903-913 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12310

Piva, F., Pereira, J.T., Luz, P.B., Hashizume, L.N., Hugo, F.N., de Araujo, F.B. (2017). A longitudinal stuy of Earch Childhood Caries and associated factors in Brazilian children. Brazilian Dental Journal 28(2): 241-248. Available from http://dx.doi.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/10.1590/0103-6440201701237

Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Common questions about oral health. Retrieved on September 15, 2017 from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-gs/faq/ora-eng.php

Russell, S.L. Ickovics, J.R., Yaffee, R.A. (2008). Exploring potential pathways between parity and tooth loss among American women. American Journal of Public Health, 98(7): 1263-1270. Available from https://dx.doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2007.124735

Valdez, R.M.A., Duque, C., Ciaffa, K.S., dos Santos, V.R., Loesch, M.L. de A., Colombo, N.H., Arthur, R.A., Negrini, T.de C., Boriollo, M.F.G., Delbem, A.C. (2017). Genotypic diversity and phenotypic traits of Streptococcus mutans isolates and their relation to severity of early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 17:115. Available from https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12903-017-0406-1

Valencia-Rojas, N., Lawrence, H.P., Goodman, D. (2008). Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in a population of children with history of maltreatment. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 68(2): 94-101. Available from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00077.x

UTSC Library - Science in a 'Post-Truth' Era

Communicating Science by Nicholas Russell
Call Number: Q223 .R87 2010
ISBN: 0521113830
Publication Date: 2009-10-15
Governments and scientific establishments have been encouraging the development of professional and popular science communication. This book critically examines the origin of this drive to improve communication, and discusses why simply improving scientists' communication skills and understanding of their audiences may not be enough. Written in an engaging style, and avoiding specialist jargon, this book provides an insight into science's place in society by looking at science communication in three contexts: the professional patterns of communication among scientists, popular communication to the public, and science in literature and drama. This three-part framework shows how historical and cultural factors operate in today's complex communication landscape, and should be actively considered when designing and evaluating science communication. Ideal for students and practitioners in science, engineering and medicine, this book provides a better understanding of the culture, sociology and mechanics of professional and popular communication.
Investigating Science Communication in the Information Age by Richard Holliman (Editor); Elizabeth Whitelegg (Editor); Eileen Scanlon (Editor); Sam Smidt (Editor); Jeff Thomas (Editor)
Call Number: Q224 .I59 2009
ISBN: 9780199552665
Publication Date: 2008-11-30
How are recent policy changes affecting how scientists engage with the public? How are new technologies influencing how scientists disseminate their work and knowledge? How are new media platforms changing the way the public interact with scientific information?Investigating science communication in the information age is a collection of newly-commissioned chapters by leading science communication scholars. It addresses current theoretical, practical and policy developments in science communication, including recent calls for greater openness andtransparency; and engagement and dialogue on the part of professional scientists with members of the public. It provides a timely and wide-ranging review of contemporary issues in science communication, focusing on two broad themes.The first theme critically reviews the recent dialogic turn and ascendant branding of 'public engagement with science'. It addresses contemporary theoretical and conceptual issues facing science communication researchers, and draws on a range of methodological approaches and examples.The second theme, popular media, examines recent trends in the theory and research of these forms of science communication. It includes contemporary accounts of the study of 'traditional' forms of popular media, including television and newspapers, examining how they are produced, represented andconsumed. This theme also documents examples where novel forms of popular media are challenging researchers to re-think how they approach these forms of science communication.A companion volume, Practising science communication in the information age, provides an ideal introduction to anyone wishing to reflect on the practices of contemporary science communication.
Quantum Leaps in the Wrong Direction by Charles M. Wynn; Arthur W. Wiggins; Sidney Harris (Illustrator)
Call Number: Q172.5 .P77 W96 2001
ISBN: 030907309X
Publication Date: 2001-01-01
Quantum Leaps in the Wrong Direction takes us on a tour of the most notorious instances of pseudo-science and sets the record straight
Rational Rhetoric by David J. Tietge
Call Number: Q175.5 .T547 2008
ISBN: 1602350698
Publication Date: 2008-06-01
RATIONAL RHETORIC: THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN POPULAR DISCOURSE places popular representations of science and scientific discourse under the terministic lenses of rhetorical theory, cultural studies, and language theory. DAVID J. TIETGE ranges broadly and insightfully across a wide range of scientific discourse and ideology as it is reconfigured for general consumption, in popular science writing (from Carl Sagan to Stephen Hawking and Stephen J. Gould), magazines (from Scientific American to Time and Social Text), news media (from CNN to The Discovery Channel), the public controversies over evolution, creationism, and intelligent design, and even pop psychology (Oprah, The Dr. Phil Show). The result is a tour de force reconceptualization of the enormous impact that our understanding (and misunderstanding) of science has on modern consciousness and, in turn, many of the most important issues confronting American society in an era of global warming, wars on science, and other inconvenient truths. ABOUT THE AUTHOR: DAVID TIETGE is Associate Professor of English at Monmouth University, where he teaches courses in rhetorical theory, the rhetoric of science, composition pedagogy, literature, and writing. He has published on scientific rhetoric in The Journal of Technical Writing and Communication and The Journal of Advanced Composition. His earlier book, FLASH EFFECT: SCIENCE AND THE RHETORICAL ORIGINS OF COLD WAR AMERICA (2002, Ohio University Press), examines the role of science on the ideology of American society during the early Cold War era. WHAT OTHERS ARE SAYING: "RATIONAL RHETORIC: THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN POPULAR DISCOURSE is complex and complete, reasonable and readable. It doesn't say to readers, 'here's yet another cultural debate in which you have a stake'; instead, RATIONAL RHETORIC argues, 'here's a debate that's going on in American culture that matters to all of us, and you're already sitting at the table taking part.'" -Shane Borrowman, University of Nevada, Reno
Fashionable Nonsense by Alan Sokal; Jean Bricmont; Alan D. Sokal; Sokal/Bricmont D. Sokal
Call Number: Q175 .S64 1998 SCAR
ISBN: 0312195451
Publication Date: 1998-10-01
In 1996 Physicist Alan Sokal published an essay in Social Text -- an influential academic journal of cultural studies -- touting the deep similarities between quantum gravitational theory and postmodern philosophy. Soon thereafter, the essay was revealed as a brilliant parody, a catalog of nonsense written in the cutting-edge but impenetrable lingo of postmodern theorists. The event sparked a furious debate in academic circles and made the headlines of newspapers in the U.S. and abroad.Now Sokal and his fellow physicist Jean Bricmont expand from where the hoax left off. In a delightfully witty and clear voice, the two thoughtfully and thoroughly dismantle the pseudo scientific writings of some of the most fashionable French and American intellectuals. More generally, they challenge the widespread notion that scientific theories are mere "narrations" or social constructions.At once provocative and measured, Fashionable Nonsense is a passionate defense of science and sense.
The Logic and Methodology of Science and Pseudoscience by Fred Wilson
Call Number: Q175 .W665 2000
ISBN: 155130175X
Publication Date: 2000-09-01
This book examines the various norms for the logic and methodology of science, placing them in the context of the cognitive interests and explanatory ideals that motivate science. Various themes in the philosophy of science are examined, including the views of K. Popper, T. Kuhn, and L. Laudan. Characteristic cases of scientific theories are examined in order to illustrate and justify the proposed norms. These include, on the one hand, the emergence of the science of Galileo, Kepler, and Newton from the older metaphysical style of explanation to be found in Aristotle and, on the other hand, Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Science in the Looking Glass by E. Brian Davies
Call Number: Q175 .D38 2003
ISBN: 0198525435
Publication Date: 2003-10-09
In this wide-ranging book, Brian Davies discusses the basis for scientists' claims to knowledge about the world. He looks at science historically, emphasizing not only the achievements of scientists from Galileo onwards, but also their mistakes. He rejects the claim that all scientificknowledge is provisional, by citing examples from chemistry, biology and geology. A major feature of the book is its defence of the view that mathematics was invented rather than discovered. A large number of examples are used to illustrate these points, and many of the deep issues in today's worlddiscussed - from psychology and evolution to quantum theory, consciousness and even religious belief. Disentangling knowledge from opinion and aspiration is a hard task, but this book provides a clear guide to the difficulties.
The Sokal Hoax by Lingua Franca (Editor)
Call Number: Q175.37 .S65 2000
ISBN: 0803279957
Publication Date: 2000-09-01
In May 1996 physicist Alan Sokal published an essay in the fashionable academic journal Social Text. The essay quoted hip theorists like Jacques Lacan, Donna Haraway, and Gilles Deleuze. The prose was thick with the jargon of poststructuralism. And the point the essay tried to make was counterintuitive: gravity, Sokal argued, was a fiction that society had agreed upon, and science needed to be liberated from its ideological blinders. When Sokal revealed in the pages of Lingua Franca that he had written the article as a parody, the story hit the front page of the New York Times. It set off a national debate still raging today: Are scholars in the humanities trapped in a jargon-ridden Wonderland? Are scientists deluded in thinking their work is objective? Are literature professors suffering from science envy? Was Sokal's joke funny? Was the Enlightenment such a bad thing after all? And isn't it a little bit true that the meaning of gravity is contingent upon your cultural perspective? Collected here for the first time are Sokal's original essay on "quantum gravity," his essay revealing the hoax, the newspaper articles that broke the story, and the angry op-eds, letters, and e-mail exchanges sparked by the hoax from intellectuals across the country, including Stanley Fish, George F. Will, Michael B#65533;rub#65533;, and Katha Pollitt. Also included are extended essays in which a wide range of scholars ponder the long-term lessons of the hoax.
The Great Betrayal by Horace Freeland Judson
Call Number: Q175.37 .J84 2004
ISBN: 0151008779
Publication Date: 2004-10-11
Fraud permeates all types of institutions today and now the world of science, the last bastion of respect and trust, is no exception. Dozens of cases have been uncovered in the past quarter-century-and the headlines continue. We can no longer shrug off fraud in science as the work of aberrant individual scientists, Horace Freeland Judson argues. Instead, we must look for its causes and its remedies in the structures and cultures of the scientific institutions themselves. Judson carefully details all types of scientific fraud and how they happen; considers the self-government of the sciences, including peer review and the refereeing of papers; and exposes the failures of academic, governmental, and legal responses. He also shows how the movement toward Internet publication of papers promises remarkable new checks on fraud and suggests how we can restore and defend the integrity of the greatest monument of human endeavor- the sciences.
What Is Science? by Klaus Jaffe
Call Number: Q175 .J34 2010
ISBN: 0761846735
Publication Date: 2009-11-23
In What is Science?, Jaffe seeks to define science conceptually. Understanding our environment and ourselves is and has been the most important intellectual activity of mankind. It was only after the emergence of the empirical science (i.e. experiment philosophy) that humanity achieved accelerated social, economic, and technological progress. The emergence of science made possible the industrial revolution and the development of a multitude of scientific disciplines, all very successful in advancing our understanding of the world and of ourselves. What is the key that makes science more efficient in advancing our knowledge than any other heuristics?
Defending Science - Within Reason by Susan Haack
Call Number: Q172.5 .C74 H33 2003
ISBN: 1591021170
Publication Date: 2003-10-01
Sweeping in scope, penetrating in analysis, and generously illustrated with examples from the history of science, this new and original approach to familiar questions about scientific evidence and method tackles vital questions about science and its place in society. Writing with verve and wry humour, in a witty, direct, and accessible style, Haack takes readers beyond the "Science Wars" to a balanced understanding of the value, and the limitations, of the scientific enterprise.
The Undergrowth of Science by Walter Bruno Gratzer
Call Number: Q125 .G785 2000 SCAR
ISBN: 0198507070
Publication Date: 2000-11-09
We think of scientists as sober, precise thinkers, but they can be wildly off the mark. Consider cold fusion, N-rays, or polywater--three "discoveries" that turned out to be complete nonsense. But serious scientists somehow convinced themselves that they were real. In The Undergrowth of Science, Walter Gratzer recounts the blind alleys that honest, dedicated researchers have wandered down--and had to be dragged out of by more cool-headed colleagues. Self-deception runs through each of Gratzer's many examples, a distressing if sometimes hilarious theme. We meet the American researchers who convinced themselves that memories were captured in RNA molecules; if extracts from the brains of trained rats were injected into the untrained, they argued, the knowledge was passed along. Gratzer also describes the group of serious scientists took up the cause of Uri Geller and assorted 11-year-old children who claimed to have the power to bend spoons with their minds--but only if the observers wanted them to succeed. When less biased researchers saw the children slyly bending the cutlery with their feet, their scientific defenders voiced outrage at the unfairness of the test. Politics sometimes plays a role as well, as it did when the U.S. government spent millions looking into the strange and miraculous Soviet invention of polywater. It turned out to be normal water contaminated with silicates. Gratzer guides us through the rogue's gallery of false discoveries, from mitogenic radiation to the recent (and infamous) cold fusion. Informative and entertaining, yet with a serious point to make, this book offers much insight into why good science sometimes goes bad.
Postmodern Philosophy and the Scientific Turn by Dorothea E. Olkowski
Call Number: B67 .O425 2012
ISBN: 9780253001122
Publication Date: 2012-04-23
What can come of a scientific engagement with postmodern philosophy? Some scientists have claimed that the social sciences and humanities have nothing to contribute, except perhaps peripherally, to their research. Dorothea E. Olkowski shows that the historic link between science and philosophy, mathematics itself, plays a fundamental role in the development of the worldviews that drive both fields. Focusing on language, its expression of worldview and usage, she develops a phenomenological account of human thought and action to explicate the role of philosophy in the sciences. Olkowski proposes a model of phenomenology, both scientific and philosophical, that helps make sense of reality and composes an ethics for dealing with unpredictability in our world.

Science in a Post-Truth Era: Topics in Engineering

Handbook of Virtual Humans by Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann (Editor); Daniel Thalmann (Editor)
ISBN: 0470023163
Publication Date: 2004-10-29
Virtual Humans are becoming more and more popular and used in many applications such as the entertainment industry (in both film and games) and medical applications. This comprehensive book covers all areas of this growing industry including face and body motion, body modelling, hair simulation, expressive speech simulation and facial communication, interaction with 3D objects, rendering skin and clothes and the standards for Virtual Humans.
Food Flavour Technology by Andrew J. Taylor; Robert Linforth (Editor); Robert S. T. Linforth (Editor)
ISBN: 1405185430
Publication Date: 2010-02-22
Food flavour technology is of key importance for the food industry. Increasingly, food products must comply with legal requirements and conform to consumer demands for "natural" products, but the simple fact is that, if foods do not taste good, they will not be consumed and any nutritional benefit will be lost. There is therefore keen interest throughout the world in the production, utilisation and analysis of flavours.
From Bricks to Brains by Michael Robert William Dawson; Brian Dupuis; Michael Wilson
ISBN: 9781897425787
Publication Date: 2010-09-03
From Bricks to Brains introduces embodied cognitive scienceand illustrates its foundational ideas through the construction andobservation of LEGO Mindstorms robots. It places a renewed emphasis onsensing and acting, the importance of embodiment, the exploration ofdistributed notions of control, and the development of theories bysynthesizing simple systems and exploring their behaviour. Numerousexamples are used to illustrate a key theme: the importance of anagent's environment. Even simple agents, such as LEGO robots, arecapable of exhibiting complex behaviour when they can sense and affectthe world around them.
Our Energy Future by Christian Ngo; Joseph Natowitz
ISBN: 0470116609
Publication Date: 2009-09-15
A Wiley Survival Guide on our Energy Future Concerned about our energy future? Turn to this guide for easy-to-grasp and up-to-date coverage of the many aspects of the energy value chain: Oil and natural gas Coal Fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect Energy from water Biomass Solar energy Geothermal energy Wind energy Nuclear energy Electricity Energy storage Transportation Housing Smart energy consumption Hydrogen Armed with the knowledge in this book, students, teachers, decision-makers, politicians, and consumers can form educated and informed opinions on the future of energy and its impact on the economy, health, and the environment.
Sweeteners and Sugar Alternatives in Food Technology by Helen Mitchell (Editor)
ISBN: 1405134348
Publication Date: 2006-07-25
Sugar replacement in food and beverage manufacture no longer has just an economic benefit. The use of ingredients to improve the nutritional status of a food product is now one of the major driving forces in new product development. It is therefore important, as options for sugar replacement continue to increase, that expert knowledge and information in this area is readily available. Sweeteners and Sugar Alternatives in Food Technology provides the information required for sweetening and functional solutions, enabling manufacturers to produce processed foods that not only taste and perform as well as sugar-based products, but also offer consumer benefits such as calorie reduction, dental health benefits, digestive health benefits and improvements in long term disease risk through strategies such as dietary glycaemic control.