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Available through Oxford Music Online, Grove Music contains articles on almost every aspect of western music history, with extensive entries on composers, genres, places, and subjects.
This source includes brief entries on various people, places, genres, and other subjects similar to Grove Music, BUT also includes curated and up-to-date bibliographies with annotations to help you choose the most helpful materials for your area of study.
Electronic access to this 5-volume set includes: v. 2. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries -- v. 3. The nineteenth century -- v. 4. The early twentieth century -- v. 5. The late twentieth century.
The author (Richard Taruskin) is provocative and outspoken, and challenges traditional interpretations of the music.